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The Portal Self-Service Backend implements a comprehensive request (solicitud) management system that handles various types of employee requests with a structured approval workflow.

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Request States

Requests go through different states during their lifecycle:

Pendiente

Initial state when a request is created. Awaiting admin review and approval.

Aprobada

Request has been approved by an administrator. Changes are applied to the system.

Rechazada

Request has been rejected by an administrator. Employee is notified with feedback.

Cancelada

Request was cancelled by the employee before processing. Only available for pending requests.

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Request Types

The system supports multiple request types, each with specific validation logic: 
export const TIPOS_SOLICITUD = Object.freeze({
    VACACIONES: 1,           // Vacation requests
    PERMISO: 2,              // Permission requests
    AUSENCIA: 3,             // Absence requests
    TRABAJO_EXTERIOR: 4,     // Remote work requests
    ACTUALIZAR_PERFIL: 5     // Profile update requests
});

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Request Lifecycle

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1. Request Creation

Employees create requests through the API. The system validates the request data and assigns the initial Pendiente state: 
// From solicitudController.js:169-178
const nuevaSolicitud = await solicitudService.createSolicitud({
    id_empleado: id_empleado,
    id_tipo_solicitud: id_tipo_solicitud,
    id_estado_solicitud: 1, // PENDIENTE
    fecha_inicio: fechaInicioFormat,
    fecha_fin: fechaFinFormat,
    dias_solicitados: diasSolicitados,
    descripcion_solicitud,
    documento_url 
});
When a request is created, notifications are automatically sent to all HR administrators (ADMIN role).

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2. Admin Review

Administrators can view pending requests and take action: 
// Get pending requests - solicitudController.js:418-463
export const getSolicitudesPendientes = async (req, res) => {
    const { page = 1, limit = 25, id_tipo, search, start_date, end_date } = req.query;
    
    const filtros = { page, limit, id_tipo, search, start_date, end_date };
    
    const data = await solicitudService.getAllSolicitudesPendientes(filtros);
    
    return res.status(200).json({
        status: 'success',
        data: {
            solicitudes: data.solicitudes,
            pagination: {
                total: data.totalCount,
                page: parseInt(page),
                limit: parseInt(limit),
                totalPages: Math.ceil(data.totalCount / limit)
            }
        }
    });
};

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3. Approval Process

The approval process varies by request type. Vacation requests require additional validation: 
// From solicitudController.js:509-536
switch (tipoSolicitud) {
    case TIPOS_SOLICITUD.VACACIONES:
        const empleadoSolicitante = await empleadoService.getEmpleadoById(solicitud.id_empleado);
        const diasSolicitados = solicitud.dias_solicitados || 0;
        const diasDisponibles = empleadoSolicitante.vacaciones[0]?.dias_disponibles || 0
         
        // Validate employee has sufficient vacation days
        if (diasSolicitados > diasDisponibles) {
            return res.status(400).json({ 
                message: `Días insuficientes. El empleado solicita ${diasSolicitados} y dispone de ${diasDisponibles}.`,
                dias_solicitados: diasSolicitados,
                dias_disponibles: diasDisponibles
            });
        }
    
        resultadoTransaccion = await solicitudService.aprobarVacacionesTransaction({
            id_solicitud: solicitud.id_solicitud,
            id_empleado: solicitud.id_empleado,
            dias_solicitados: solicitud.dias_solicitados,  
            id_aprobador: id_aprobador,
            retroalimentacion: retroalimentacion || null
        });
        break;
}
Vacation requests validate that the employee has sufficient available days before approval. If insufficient, the request is rejected with an error message.

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4. Rejection Process

Administrators can reject requests with optional feedback: 
// From solicitudController.js:281-332
export const rechazarSolicitud = async (req, res) => {  
    const { id } = req.params;
    const { retroalimentacion } = req.body;
    
    const solicitud = await solicitudService.getSolicitudById(id);
    
    // Validate request state
    if (solicitud.id_estado_solicitud !== ESTADOS_SOLICITUD.PENDIENTE) {
        return res.status(400).json({ message: 'La solicitud ya ha sido procesada' });
    }
    
    const resultadoTransaccion = await solicitudService.rechazarSolicitudTransaction({
        id_solicitud: solicitud.id_solicitud,
        id_aprobador: aprobador.id_empleado,
        retroalimentacion: retroalimentacion || null
    });
    
    // Send notification to employee
    notificationService.sendNotificationEmployee({
        id_usuario: solicitud.id_empleado,
        id_remitente: aprobador.id_empleado, 
        titulo: 'Respuesta de solicitud',
        mensaje: `Tu solicitud ha sido rechazda.`, 
        id_tipo_notificacion: TIPOS_NOTIFICACION.SOLICITUD_RECHAZADA,
        id_referencia: solicitud.id_solicitud
    });
    
    return res.status(200).json({
        message: 'Solicitud rechazada exitosamente',
        solicitud_actualizada: resultadoTransaccion
    });
};

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5. Employee Cancellation

Employees can cancel their own pending requests: 
// From solicitudController.js:338-372
export const cancelarSolicitud = async (req, res) => {
    const { id } = req.params;
    const empleado = req.empleado;
    const solicitud = await solicitudService.getSolicitudById(id);
    
    // Validate ownership
    if (solicitud.id_empleado !== empleado.id_empleado) {
        return res.status(403).json({ message: 'Solo puedes cancelar tus propias solicitudes' });
    }
    
    // Validate state - can only cancel pending requests
    if (solicitud.id_estado_solicitud !== ESTADOS_SOLICITUD.PENDIENTE) {
        return res.status(400).json({ message: 'La solicitud ya fue procesada, no se puede cancelar' });
    }
    
    const resultadoTransaccion = await solicitudService.cancelarSolicitudTransaction({
        id_solicitud: id
    });
    
    return res.status(200).json({
        message: 'Solicitud cancelada exitosamente',
        solicitud_actualizada: resultadoTransaccion
    });
};

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State Transition Rules

1

Creation

New requests start in Pendiente state
2

Processing

Admins can approve (→ Aprobada) or reject (→ Rechazada) pending requests
3

Cancellation

Employees can cancel their own requests (→ Cancelada) only while in Pendiente state
4

Final States

Aprobada, Rechazada, and Cancelada are terminal states - no further transitions allowed

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Access Control

The system enforces role-based access control (RBAC): 
// From solicitudController.js:110-120
const rol = empleadoLogueado.rol?.descripcion;

// Employee can only view their own requests
const esDuenio = solicitud.id_empleado === empleadoLogueado.id_empleado;

// Admin/Super Admin can view any request
const tienePermisoAdmin = rol === ROLES.ADMIN || rol === ROLES.SUPER_ADMIN;

if (!esDuenio && !tienePermisoAdmin) {
    return res.status(403).json({ message: 'No tienes permiso para ver esta solicitud.' });
}
Employees can only view and cancel their own requests. Administrators can view, approve, and reject any request.

Notifications

Learn how notifications are sent during the request workflow

WebSockets

Real-time updates for request status changes